The nonradiative changeover premiums Keep to the method WNR = W (0) exp(-alphap), exactly where p is the volume of phonons matching the Power hole. The nonradiative changeover charges of Er3+ show temperature dependence consistent with the multiphonon rest principle. In Tm3+ the temperature dependence of nonradiative relaxation charges is https://kevinz479vtq8.westexwiki.com/user