The nonradiative transition charges Keep to the formulation WNR = W (0) exp(-alphap), where p is the volume of phonons matching the energy gap. The nonradiative transition costs of Er3+ show temperature dependence consistent with the multiphonon peace concept. In Tm3+ the temperature dependence of nonradiative peace fees is difficult https://cornstalkf792ecy5.hazeronwiki.com/user